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Fiji Consolidated Legislation |
LAWS OF FIJI
CHAPTER 8
DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES
Acts Nos. 26 of 1971, 52 of 1971, 32 of 1972, 13 of 1977
AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES AND TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC
RELATIONS
[13th May, 1971]
Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act.
Interpretation
2.-(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
"Convention" means the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed in 1961, a copy of the English text of which is set out in the First Schedule;
"organisation" means any organisation referred to in section 6;
"mission" means a diplomatic mission of any State;
"State" means a foreign state or any Commonwealth country.
(2) All expressions used in this Act and defined in Article I of the Convention have the same meanings as those given to them in the
Convention.
Application of Convention
3.-(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (6), the provisions of Articles 1, 22 and 24 inclusive, and 27 to 40 inclusive, of
the Convention shall have the force of law in Fiji.
(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of subsection (1), the Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister responsible for finance,
may from time to time determine, either generally or in any case or class of case, the fiscal privileges which shall to be accorded
to any mission or persons connected with any mission, notwithstanding that the determination may extend treatment more favourable
than that required by the provisions of the Convention, and may in like manner determine the terms and conditions on which those
privileges may be enjoyed.
(3) For the purpose of giving effect to any custom or agreement by which Fiji and any other State extend to each other treatment more
favourable than is required by the provisions of the Convention, the Minister may from time to time, by order, declare that a mission
of that State and persons connected with that mission shall be accorded such immunity from jurisdiction and inviolability, as are
specified in the order:
Provided that nothing in this subsection does not shall apply with respect to persons to whom section 4 applies.
(4) In subsections (2) and (3), the expression "treatment more favourable" includes the according of privileges or immunities, as
the case may be, to persons who under the Convention may enjoy privileges and immunities only to the extent admitted by the receiving
State.
(5) Where, by or by virtue of under this Act, immunity from jurisdiction is accorded to persons who are not diplomatic agents or persons
enjoying immunity under Article 37 of the Convention, the immunity accorded to those first-mentioned persons may be waived in the
manner and subject to the conditions specified in Article 32 of the Convention and the waiver shall have the same consequences as
a waiver under that Article.
(6) For the purposes of the provisions of the Articles referred to in subsection (1)-
(a) a reference in those provisions the Articles to the receiving State shall is to be construed as a reference to Fiji;
(b) a reference in those provisions the Articles to a national of the receiving State shall is to be construed as a reference to a Fiji citizen;
(c) the reference in paragraph 1 of Article 22 to agents of the receiving State shall is to be construed as including a reference to any police officer and any person exercising a power of entry to premises;
(d) the reference in Article 32 to waiver by the sending State shall is to be construed as including a waiver by the head of the mission of the sending State or by a person for the time being performing the functions of the head of mission;
(e) Articles 35, 36 and 40 shall is to be construed as granting the privileges or immunities that those Articles require to be granted;
(f) the reference in paragraph 1 of Article 36 to such laws and regulations as the receiving State may adopt shall is to be construed as including a reference to any law in force in Fiji relating to the quarantine, or the prohibition or restriction of the importation into or the exportation from Fiji of animals, plants, or goods:
Provided that any immunity from jurisdiction that a person may possess or enjoy by virtue of subsection (1) shall not be prejudiced;
(g) the reference in paragraph 4 of Article 37 to the extent to which privileges and immunities are admitted by the receiving State, and the reference in paragraph 1 of Article 38 to any additional privileges and immunities that may be granted by the receiving State, shall, so far as they relate to privileges, is to be construed as references to such determinations as may be made by the Minister pursuant to subsection (2), and, so far as they relate to immunities, be construed as references to such immunities as may be conferred by an order under subsection (3);
(h) the reference in paragraph 2 of Article 38 to the extent to which privileges and immunities are admitted by the receiving State shall, so far as it relates to privileges, be construed as reference to such determinations as may be made by the Minister pursuant to subsection (2), and, so far as it relates to immunities, is to be construed, in relation to persons to whom section 4 applied, as a reference to immunities conferred by that section, and, in relation to other persons to whom that paragraph applies, as a reference to such immunities as may be conferred by an order under subsection (3).
Fiji residents and citizens
4. The members of the administrative and technical staff, and members of the service staff, of a mission who are Fiji citizens or
are permanently resident in Fiji shall be accorded immunity from jurisdiction, and inviolability, only in respect of official acts
performed in the exercise of their functions.
Withdrawal of diplomatic privileges and immunities
5. Where the Minister is satisfied that the privileges and immunities accorded in relation to a mission of Fiji in any State, or to
persons connected with that mission, are less than those conferred by or by virtue of this Act in relation to the mission of that
State, or to persons connected with that mission, he the Minister may, by order, withdraw, modify, or restrict, in relation to that
mission or to persons connected with that mission, such of the privileges and immunities so conferred to such extent as appears to
him to be proper.
International organisations
6.-(1) This section shall applies to any organisation declared by the Minister, by order, to be an organisation of which two or more
States or the Governments thereof are members.
(2) The Minister may from time to time, by order-
(a) provide that any organisation to which this section applies shall, to such extent as may be specified in the order, have the privileges and immunities specified in the Second Schedule, and shall also have the legal capacities of a body corporate;
(b) confer upon-
(i) any persons who are representatives (whether of Governments or not) on any organ of the organisation or at any conference convened by the organisation or are members of any committee of the organisation or of any organ thereof;
(ii) such officers or classes of officers of the organisation as are specified in the order, being the holders of such high offices in the organisation as are so specified;
(iii) such persons employed on missions on behalf of the organisation as are specified in the order, to such extent as may be specified in the order, the privileges and immunities specified in the Third Schedule;
(c) confer upon such other classes of officers and servants of the organisation as are specified in the order, to such extent as may be so specified, the privileges and immunities specified in the Fourth Schedule,
and the Fifth Schedule shall has effect for the purpose of extending to the staffs of such representatives and members as are mentioned
in subparagraph (i) of paragraph (b)(i) and to the members of the families forming part of the household of officers of the organisation
any privileges and immunities conferred on the representatives, members, or officers under that paragraph, except in so far as the
operation of the Fifth Schedule is excluded by the order conferring the privileges and immunities:
Provided that no order made under the provisions of this subsection shall confers any privilege or immunity upon any person as the
representative of Her Majesty in right of Fiji or of the Government of Fiji or as a member of the staff of such a representative.
Members of international organisations employed by Government
7.-(1) Whenever the services of any person are provided for appointment to the public service of Fiji pursuant to an agreement between
any of the international organisations specified in the Sixth Schedule and the Government of Fiji, it shall be lawful for the Minister
by order to confer upon any such person to such extent a may be specified therein the immunities and privileges set out in the Seventh
Schedule.
(2) Every order made under the provisions of subsection (1) shall state the date from which the immunities and privileges thereby
conferred shall take effect.
(3) Whenever any person ceases to be entitled to the immunities and privileges conferred by any order made under this Act the Minister
shall cause a notice to that effect to be published in the Gazette.
(4) The Minister may at any time by notice in the Gazette add to, vary or delete the whole or any part of the Sixth Schedule with
effect from the date specified in such notice.
(5) The fact that any person is or was entitled or not entitled to any of the immunities or privileges set out in the Seventh Schedule
may be conclusively proved by producing the Gazette containing the relevant order or notice whichever is the case.
Persons employed on duties within Fiji
8.-(1) Whenever the services of any person are provided by a State, an organisation, or by an agency, by whatever name called, sponsored
by a State or organisation, for duties within Fiji approved by the Minister and such person is not entitled to immunities and privileges
under the provisions of either section 6 or section 7, the Minister may by order either-
(a) declare the members of any such organisation or agency specified in the order to be persons who shall be entitled to the immunities and privileges set out in the Eighth Schedule; or
(b) confer upon any such person such of the immunities and privileges set out in the Eighth Schedule as may be specified in the order.
(2) Every order made under the provisions of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) shall state the date from which immunities and privileges
thereby conferred shall take effect.
(3) Whenever any person ceases to be entitled to the immunities and privileges conferred by any order made under the provisions of
paragraph (b) of subsection (1), the Minister shall cause a notice to that effect to be published in the Gazette.
(4) The fact that any person is or was entitled or not entitled to any of the immunities or privileges set out in the Eighth Schedule
may be conclusively proved by producing the Gazette containing the relevant order or notice, whichever is the case.
International Court of Justice
9. The Minister may from time to time by order confer on the Judges and Registrars of the International Court of Justice established
by the Charter of the United Nations, and on suitors to that Court and their agents, counsel, and advocates, such privileges, immunities,
and facilities as may be required to give effect to any resolution of, or convention approved by, the General Assembly of the United
Nations.
International conferences
10. Where-
(a) a conference is held in Fiji and is attended by representatives of the Government of Fiji and the Government or Governments of one or more States or of any of the territories for whose international relations any of those Governments is responsible; and
(b) it appears to the Minister that doubts may arise as to the extent to which the representatives of those Governments (other than the Government of Fiji) and members of their official staffs are entitled to privileges and immunities,
the Minister may, by notice in the Gazette, direct that every representative of any such Government (other than the Government of
Fiji) shall be accorded such of the privileges and immunities conferred by or by virtue of sections 3 and 4 on a diplomatic agent
as the Minister specifies, and that such of the members of his official staff as the Minister may direct shall be accorded such of
the privileges and immunities conferred by or by virtue of sections 3 and 4 on members of the diplomatic staff or the administrative
and technical staff of a diplomatic mission as the Minister specifies.
Reciprocal treatment
11. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as precluding the Minister from declining to accord privileges or immunities to, or from
withdrawing, modifying, or restricting privileges or immunities in relation to, nationals or representatives of any State, or the
Government thereof, on the ground that that State, or the Government thereof, is failing to accord corresponding privileges or immunities
to Fiji.
Exemption from taxation
12.-(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Act, the Minister, with the concurrence of the Minister responsible for finance,
may from time to time wholly or partly exempt from any public or local tax, duty, rate, levy, or fee any of the following Governments
or persons:-
(a) the Government of any State or the Government of any territory for whose international relations the Government of any such State is responsible or any office or organisation forming part of, or sponsored by, any such Government;
(b) a representative or officer of the Government of any country other than Fiji or of any provisional Government, national committee, international organisation or other authority recognised by Her Majesty in right of Government of Fiji, if he is temporarily resident in Fiji in accordance with any arrangement made with the Government of Fiji;
(c) a member of the official or domestic staff, or a spouse or dependent child, of any person to whom paragraph (b) applies.
(2) *Subject to the provisions of any international convention, treaty or arrangement to which Fiji is a party, where a person who
is a member of the official or domestic staff of a person to whom paragraph (b) of subsection (1)(b) applies is a Fiji citizen and
not a citizen of the country concerned, or is not resident in Fiji solely for the purpose of performing his duties as such a member,
that person shall not, and the spouse and dependent children of that person shall not by reason only of their being a member of his
family, be entitled to any exemption granted under subsection (1).
General exemptions
13.-(1) The powers conferred on the Minister by sections 6, 7 and 12 of this Act shall be are deemed to include power to exempt from
stamp duty under the Stamp Duties Act and from any fee or duty under any other Act any instrument or class of instruments to which
any organisation, government, or person, as the case may be, to which or to whom the order or exemption applies is a party.
(2) The powers conferred on the Minister by section 12 shall be are deemed to include power on the death of any person referred to
in paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of section 12(1)-
(a) to exempt wholly or partly the estate of that person from estate duty under the Estate and Gift Duties Act; and
(Cap. 203)
(b) to exempt any instrument or document or class of instruments or documents made for or relating to the appointment of an executor or administrator in the estate of that person, or to the administration or distribution of the estate, from stamp duty under the Stamp Duties Act and from any fee or duty under any other Act.
(Cap. 205)
(3) Any exemption granted by the Minister under section 12 may be granted either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as
the Minister thinks fit, and the Minister may at any time revoke any such exemption or revoke, vary, or add to any such conditions.
(4) Every An exemption referred to in subsection (3) shall comes into force on such date as may be specified in that behalf the date
specified by the Minister. The date so specified may be before or after the date of the granting of the exemption or before or after
the commencement of this Act.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of any exemption referred to in subsection (3), any question arising as to the nature or extent
of any such exemption, or to the governments or persons entitled to any such exemption, shall be referred to and be determined by
the Minister. The decision of the Minister shall not be liable to be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court.
Refunds of payments
14.-(1) The Minister responsible for finance may direct that such refunds or payments be made from any public fund or account or from
the money of any local authority, public body, or person as may in the opinion of that Minister be necessary to give effect to any
fiscal privilege accorded pursuant to section 3 or to any exemption granted under section 6, 8, 9 or 10.
(2) Where any loss is suffered by any local authority, public body, or person by reason of the conferring of any such privilege or
the granting of any such exemption or by the making of any refund or payment directed under this section, the Minister responsible
for finance may direct that such payments be made from the Consolidated Fund to that local authority, public body, or person as may
be necessary in the opinion of that Minister to reimburse that loss.
Certificate of Minister
15. If in any proceedings any question arises whether or not any person or any organisation is or was at any time or in respect of
any period accorded any privilege or immunity under or by virtue of this Act, a certificate issued by the Minister stating any fact
relevant to that question shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.
Amended by Act No. 32 of 1972.
Saving
16. This Act shall not affect any legal proceedings begun before the commencement of this Act.
Regulations
17. The Minister may make regulations for such matters as are contemplated by or necessary for giving full effect to this Act and
for the due administration thereof of it.
FIRST SCHEDULE
THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATION*
THE STATES PARTIES TO THE PRESENT CONVENTION
RECALLING that peoples of all nations from ancient times have recognised the status of diplomatic agents,
HAVING IN MIND the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning the sovereign equality of States, the maintenance
of international peace and security, and the promotion of friendly relations among nations,
BELIEVING that an international convention on diplomatic intercourse, privileges and immunities would contribute to the development
of friendly relations among nations, irrespective of their differing constitutional and social systems,
REALISING that the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance
of the functions of diplomatic missions as representing States,
AFFIRMING that the rules of customary international law should continue to govern questions not expressly regulated by the provisions
of the present Convention,
HAVE AGREED as follows:
ARTICLE I
For the purpose of the present Convention, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereunder assigned to them:
(a) the "head of the mission" is the person charged by the sending State with the duty of acting in that capacity;
(b) the "members of the mission" are the head of the mission and the members of the staff of the mission;
(c) the "members of the staff of the mission" are the members of the diplomatic staff, of the administrative and technical staff and of the service staff of the mission;
(d) the "members of the diplomatic staff" are the members of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank;
(e) a "diplomatic agent" is the head of the mission or a member of the diplomatic staff of the mission;
ARTICLE 6
Two or more States may accredit the same person as head of mission to another State, unless objection is offered by the receiving
State.
ARTICLE 7
Subject to the provisions of Articles 5, 8, 9 and II, the sending State may freely appoint the members of the staff of the mission.
In the case of military, naval or air attaches, the receiving State may require their names to be submitted beforehand, for its approval.
ARTICLE 8
1. Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission should in principle be of the nationality of the sending State.
2. Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission may not be appointed from among persons having the nationality of the receiving
State, except with the consent of that State which may be withdrawn at any time.
3. The receiving State may reserve the same right with regard to nationals of a third State who are not also nationals of the sending
State.
ARTICLE 9
1. The receiving State may at any time and without having to explain its decision, notify the sending State that the head of the mission
or any member of the diplomatic staff of the mission is persona non grata or that any other member of the staff of the mission is
not acceptable. In any such case, the sending State shall, as appropriate, either recall the person concerned or terminate his functions
with the mission. A person may be declared non grata or not acceptable before arriving in the territory of the receiving State.
2. If the sending State refuses or fails within a reasonable period to carry out its obligations under paragraph I of this Article,
the receiving State may refuse to recognise the person concerned as a member of the mission.
ARTICLE 10
1. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State, or such other ministry as may be agreed, shall be notified of:
(a) the appointment of members of the mission, their arrival and their final departure or the termination of their functions with the mission;
(b) the arrival and final departure of a person belonging to the family of a member of the mission and, where appropriate, the fact that a person becomes or ceases to be a member of the family of a member of the mission;
(c) the arrival and final departure of private servants in the employ of persons referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph and, where appropriate, the fact that they are leaving the employ of such persons;
(d) the engagement and discharge of persons resident in the receiving State as members of the mission or private servants entitled to privileges and immunities.
2. Where possible, prior notification of arrival and final departure shall also be given.
ARTICLE 11
1. In the absence of specific agreement as to the size of the mission, the receiving State may require that the size of a mission
be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable and normal, having regard to circumstances and conditions in the receiving
State and to the needs of the particular mission.
2. The receiving State may equally, within similar bounds and on a non-discriminatory basis, refuse to accept officials of a particular
category.
ARTICLE 12
The sending State may not, without the prior express consent of the receiving State, establish offices forming part of the mission
in localities other than those in which the mission itself is established.
ARTICLE 13
1. The head of the mission is considered as having taken up his functions in the receiving State either when he has presented his
credentials or when he has notified his arrival and a true copy of his credentials has been presented to the Ministry for Foreign
Affairs of the receiving State, or such other ministry as may be agreed, in accordance with the practice prevailing in the receiving
State which shall be applied in a uniform manner.
2. The order of presentation of credentials or of a true copy thereof will be determined by the date and time of the arrival of the
head of the mission.
ARTICLE 14
1. Heads of mission are divided into three classes, namely:
(a) that of ambassadors or nuncios accredited to Heads of State, and other heads of mission of equivalent rank;
(b) that of envoys, ministers and internuncios accredited to Heads of State;
(c) that of charges d’affaires accredited to Ministers for Foreign Affairs.
2. Except as concerns precedence and etiquette, there shall be no differentiation between heads of mission by reason of their class.
ARTICLE 15
The class to which the heads of their missions are to be assigned shall be agreed between States.
ARTICLE 16
1. Heads of mission shall take precedence in their respective classes in the order of the date and time of taking up their functions
in accordance with Article 13.
2. Alterations in the credentials of a head of mission not involving any change of class shall not affect his precedence.
3. This article is without prejudice to any practice accepted by the receiving State regarding the precedence of the representative
of the Holy See.
ARTICLE 17
The precedence of the members of the diplomatic staff of the mission shall be notified by the head of the mission to the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs or such other ministry as may be agreed.
ARTICLE 18
The procedure to be observed in each State for the reception of heads of mission shall be uniform in respect of each class.
ARTICLE 19
1. If the post of head of the mission is vacant, or if the head of the mission is unable to perform his functions, a charge d'affaires
ad interim shall act provisionally as head of the mission. The name of the charge d'affaires ad interim shall be notified, either
by the head of the mission or, in case he is unable to do so, by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the sending State to the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or such other ministry as may be agreed.
2. In cases where no member of the diplomatic staff of the mission is present in the receiving State, a member of the administrative
and technical staff may, with the consent of the receiving State, be designated by the sending State to be in charge of the current
administrative affairs of the mission.
ARTICLE 20
The mission and its head shall have the right to use the flag and emblem of the sending State on the premises of the mission, including
the residence of the head of the mission, and on his means of transport.
ARTICLE 21
1. The receiving State shall either facilitate the acquisition on its territory, in accordance with its laws, by the sending State
of premises necessary for its mission or assist the latter in obtaining accommodation in some other way.
2. It shall also, where necessary, assist missions in obtaining suitable accommodation for their members.
ARTICLE 22
1. The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. The agents of the receiving State may not enter them, except with the consent
of the head of the mission.
2. The receiving State is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion
or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity.
3. The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune
from search, requisition, attachment or execution.
ARTICLE 23
1. The sending State and the head of the mission shall be exempt from all national, regional or municipal dues and taxes in respect
of the premises of the mission, whether owned or leased, other than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.
2. The exemption from taxation referred to in this Article shall not apply to such dues and taxes payable under the law of the receiving
State by persons contracting with the sending State or the head of the mission.
ARTICLE 24
The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable at any time and wherever they may be.
ARTICLE 25
The receiving State shall accord full facilities for the performance of the functions of the mission.
ARTICLE 26
Subject to its laws and regulations concerning zones entry into which is prohibited or regulated for reasons of national security,
the receiving State shall ensure to all members of the mission freedom of movement and travel in its territory.
ARTICLE 27
1. The receiving State shall permit and protect free communication on the part of the mission for all official purposes. In communicating
with the Government and the other missions and consulates of the sending State, wherever situated, the mission may employ all appropriate
means, including diplomatic couriers and messages in code or cipher. However, the mission may install and use a wireless transmitter
only with the consent of the receiving State.
2. The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. Official correspondence means all correspondence relating to the
mission and its functions.
3. The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.
4. The packages constituting the diplomatic bag must bear visible external marks of their character and may contain only diplomatic
documents or articles intended for official use.
5. The diplomatic courier, who shall be provided with an official document indicating his status and the number of packages constituting
the diplomatic bag, shall be protected by the receiving State in the performance of his functions. He shall enjoy personal inviolability
and shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention.
6. The sending State or the mission may designate diplomatic couriers ad hoc. In such cases the provisions of paragraph 5 of this
Article shall also apply, except that the immunities therein mentioned shall cease to apply when such a courier has delivered to
the consignee the diplomatic bag in his charge.
7. A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to the captain of a commercial aircraft scheduled to land at an authorised port of entry. He
shall be provided with an official document indicating the number of packages constituting the bag but he shall not be considered
to be a diplomatic courier. The mission may send one of its members to take possession of the diplomatic bag directly and freely
from the captain of the aircraft.
ARTICLE 28
The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes.
ARTICLE 29
The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State
shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity.
ARTICLE 30
1. The private residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy the same inviolability and protection as the premises of the mission.
2. His papers, correspondence and, except as provided in paragraph 3 of Article 31, his property, shall likewise enjoy inviolability.
ARTICLE 31
1. A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State. He shall also enjoy immunity from
its civil and administrative jurisdiction, except in the case of:
(a) a real action relating to private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;
(b) an action relating to succession in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee as a private person and not on behalf of the sending State;
(c) an action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by the diplomatic agent in the receiving State outside his official functions.
2. A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.
3. No measures of execution may be taken in respect of a diplomatic agent except in the cases coming under sub-paragraphs (a), (b)
and (c) of paragraph 1 of this Article, and provided that the measures concerned can be taken without infringing the inviolability
of his person or of his residence.
4. The immunity of a diplomatic agent from the jurisdiction of the receiving State does not exempt him from the jurisdiction of the
sending State.
ARTICLE 32
1. The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents and of persons enjoying immunity under Article 37 may be waived by the sending
State.
2. Waiver must always be express.
3. The initiation of proceedings by a diplomatic agent or by a person enjoying immunity from jurisdiction under Article 37 shall preclude
him from invoking immunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counterclaim directly connected with the principal claim.
4. Waiver of immunity from jurisdiction in respect of civil or administrative proceedings shall not be held to imply waiver of immunity
in respect of the execution of the judgment, for which a separate waiver shall be necessary.
ARTICLE 33
1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article, a diplomatic agent shall with respect to services rendered for the sending
State be exempt from social security provisions which may be in force in the receiving State.
2. The exemption provided for in paragraph I of this Article shall also apply to private servants who are in the sole employ of a
diplomatic agent, on condition:
(a) that they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State; and
(b) that they are covered by the social security provisions which may be in force in the sending State or a third State.
3. A diplomatic agent who employs persons to whom the exemption provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article does not apply shall observe
the obligations which the social security provisions of the receiving State impose upon employers.
4. The exemption provided for in paragraphs I and 2 of this Article shall not preclude voluntary participation in the social security
system of the receiving State provided that such participation is permitted by that State.
5. The provisions of this Article shall not affect bilateral or multilateral agreements concerning social security concluded previously
and shall not prevent the conclusion of such agreements in the future.
ARTICLE 34
A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regional or municipal, except:
(a) indirect taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price of goods or services;
(b) dues and taxes on private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;
(c) estate, succession or inheritance duties .levied by the receiving State, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 39;
(d) dues and taxes on private income having its source in the receiving State and capital taxes on investments made in commercial undertakings in the receiving State;
(e) charges levied for specific services rendered;
(f) registration, court or record fees, mortgage dues and stamp duty, with respect to immovable property, subject to the provisions of Article 23.
ARTICLE 35
The receiving State shall exempt diplomatic agents from all personal services, from all public service of any kind whatsoever, and
from military obligations such as those connected with requisitioning, military contributions and billeting.
ARTICLE 36
1. The receiving State shall, in accordance with such laws and regulations as it may adopt, permit entry of and grant exemption from
all customs duties, taxes, and related charges other than charges for storage, cartage and similar services, on:
(a) articles for the official use of the mission;
(b) articles for the personal use of a diplomatic agent or members of his family forming part of his household, including articles intended for his establishment.
2. The personal baggage of a diplomatic agent shall be exempt from inspection, unless there are serious grounds for presuming that
it contains articles not covered by the exemptions mentioned in paragraph I of this Article, or articles the import or export of
which is prohibited by the law or controlled by the quarantine regulations of the receiving State. Such inspection shall be conducted
only in the presence of the diplomatic agent or of his authorised representative.
ARTICLE 37
1. The members of the family of a diplomatic agent forming part of his household shall, if they are not nationals of the receiving
State, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 29 to 36.
2. Members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission, together with members of their families forming part of their
respective households, shall, if they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State, enjoy the privileges and
immunities specified in Articles 29 to 35, except that the immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction of the receiving State
specified in paragraph I of Article 31 shall not extend to acts performed outside the course of their duties. They shall also enjoy
the privileges specified in Article 36, paragraph 1, in respect of articles imported at the time of first installation.
3. Members of the service staff of the mission who are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State shall enjoy
immunity in respect of acts performed in the course of their duties, exemption from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receive
by reason of their employment and the exemption contained in Article 33.
4. Private servants of members of the mission shall, if they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State,
be exempt from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment. In other respects, they may enjoy privileges
and immunities only to the extent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise its jurisdiction over
those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of the functions of the mission.
ARTICLE 38
1. Except insofar as additional privileges and immunities may be granted by the receiving State, a diplomatic agent who is a national
of or permanently resident in that State shall enjoy only immunity from jurisdiction, and inviolability, in respect of official acts
performed in the exercise of his functions.
2. Other members of the staff of the mission and private servants who are nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State
shall enjoy privileges and immunities only to the extent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise
its jurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of the functions of the mission.
ARTICLE 39
1. Every person entitled to privileges and immunities shall enjoy them from the moment he enters the territory of the receiving State
on proceeding to take up his post or, if already in its territory, from the moment when his appointment is notified to the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs or such other ministry as may be agreed.
2. When the functions of a person enjoying privileges and immunities have come to an end, such privileges and immunities shall normally
cease at the moment when he leaves the country, or on expiry of a reasonable period in which to do so, but shall subsist until that
time, even in case of armed conflict. However, with respect to acts performed by such a person in the exercise of his functions as
a member of the mission, immunity shall continue to subsist.
3. In case of the death of a member of the mission, the members of his family shall continue to enjoy the privileges and immunities
to which they are entitled until the expiry of a reasonable period in which to leave the country.
4. In the event of the death of a member of the mission not a national of or permanently resident in the receiving State or a member
of his family forming part of his household, the receiving State shall permit the withdrawal of the movable property of the deceased,
with the exception of any property acquired in the country the export of which was prohibited at the time of his death. Estate, succession
and inheritance duties shall not be levied on movable property the presence of which in the receiving State was due solely to the
presence there of the deceased as a member of the mission or as a member of the family of a member of the mission.
ARTICLE 40
1. If a diplomatic agent passes through or is in the territory of a third State, which has granted him a passport visa if such visa
was necessary, while proceeding to take up or to return to his post, or when returning to his own country, the third State shall
accord him inviolability and such other immunities as may be required to ensure his transit or return. The same shall apply in the
case of any members of his family enjoying privileges or immunities who are accompanying the diplomatic agent, or travelling separately
to join him or to return to their country.
2. In circumstances similar to those specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, third States shall not hinder the passage of members
of the administrative and technical or service staff of a mission, and of members of their families, through their territories.
3. Third States shall accord to official correspondence and other official communications in transit, including messages in code or
cipher, the same freedom and protection as is accorded by the receiving State. They shall accord to diplomatic couriers, who have
been granted a passport visa if such visa was necessary, and diplomatic bags in transit the same inviolability and protection as
the receiving State is bound to accord.
4. The obligations of third State under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall also apply to the persons mentioned respectively
in those paragraphs, and to official communications and diplomatic bags, whose presence in the territory of the third State is due
to force majeure.
ARTICLE 41
1. Without prejudice to their privileges and immunities, it is the duty of all persons enjoying such privileges and immunities to
respect the laws and regulations of the receiving State. They also have a duty not to interfere in the internal affairs of that State.
2. All official business with the receiving State entrusted to the mission by the sending State shall be conducted with or through
the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the receiving State or such other ministry as may be agreed.
3. The premises of the mission must not be used in any manner incompatible with the functions of the mission as laid down in the present
Convention or by other rules of general international law or by any special agreements in force between the sending and the receiving
State.
ARTICLE 42
A diplomatic agent shall not in the receiving State practise for personal profit any professional or commercial activity.
ARTICLE 43
The function of a diplomatic agent comes to an end, inter alia:
(a) on notification by the sending State to the receiving State that the function of the diplomatic agent has come to an end;
(b) on notification by the receiving State to the sending State that, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9, it refuses to recognise the diplomatic agent as a member of the mission.
ARTICLE 44
The receiving State must, even in case of armed conflict, grant facilities in order to enable persons enjoying privileges and immunities,
other than nationals of the receiving State, and members of the families of such persons irrespective of their nationality, to leave
at the earliest possible moment. It must, in particular, in case of need, place at their disposal the necessary means of transport
for themselves and their property.
ARTICLE 45
If diplomatic relations are broken off between two States, or if a mission is permanently or temporarily recalled:
(a) the receiving State must, even in case of armed conflict, respect and protect the premises of the mission, together with its property and archives;
(b) the sending State may entrust the custody of the premises of the mission, together with its property and archives, to a third State acceptable to the receiving State;
(c) the sending State may entrust the protection of its interests and those of its nationals to a third State acceptable to the receiving State.
ARTICLE 46
A sending State may with the prior consent of a receiving State, and at the request of a third State not represented in the receiving
State, undertake the temporary protection of the interests of the third State and of its nationals.
ARTICLE 47
1. In the application of the provisions of the present Convention, the receiving State shall not discriminate as between States.
2. However, discrimination shall not be regarded as taking place:
(a) where the receiving State applies any of the provisions of the present Convention restrictively because of a restrictive application of that provision to its mission in the sending State;
(b) where by custom or agreement States extend to each other more favourable treatment than is required by the provisions of the present Convention.
ARTICLE 48
The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States Members of the United Nations or of any of the specialised agencies
or Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State invited by the General Assembly of the United
Nations to become a Party to the Convention, as follows: until 31 October, 1961, at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Austria
and subsequently, until 31 March, 1962, at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
ARTICLE 49
The present convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of
the United Nations.
ARTICLE 50
The present Convention shall remain open for accession by any State belonging to any of the four categories mentioned in Article 48.
The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
ARTICLE 51
1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the twenty-second instrument
of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession,
the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.
ARTICLE 52
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States belonging to any of the four categories mentioned in Article 48:
(a) of signatures to the present Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession, in accordance with Articles 48, 49 and 50;
(b) of the date on which the present Convention will enter into force, in accordance with Article 51.
ARTICLE 53
The original of the present Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall
be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States belonging to
any of the four categories mentioned in Article 48.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the
present Convention.
DONE AT VIENNA, this eighteenth 18th day of April, 1961 one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one.
(Signatures not reproduced).
______________
SECOND SCHEDULE
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
1. Immunity from suit and legal process.
2. The like inviolability of official premises and archives as is accorded in respect of the official premises and archives of a diplomatic
mission.
3. Immunity in relation to its property and assets, wherever located and by whomsoever held, from search, requisition, confiscation,
expropriation, or any other form of interference.
4. The like exemption from taxes and rates, other than taxes on the importation of goods, as is accorded to the Government of any
foreign State.
5. Exemption from taxes on the importation of goods directly imported by the organisation for its official use in Fiji or for exportation,
or on the importation of any publications of the organisation directly imported by it, subject to compliance with such conditions
as the Minister responsible for finance may determine for the protection of the revenue.
6. Exemption from prohibitions and restrictions on importation or exportation in the case of goods directly imported or exported by
the organisation for its official use and in the case of any publications of the organisation directly imported or exported by it,
subject to compliance with such conditions as the Minister responsible for finance may determine for the protection of the public
health, the prevention of diseases in plants and animals, and otherwise in the public interest.
7. The right to avail itself, for telegraphic communications sent by it and containing only matter intended for publication by the
press or for broadcasting (including communications addressed to or despatched from places outside Fiji), of any reduced rates applicable
for the corresponding service in the case of press telegrams.
__________________--
THIRD SCHEDULE
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF REPRESENTATIVES, MEMBERS OF COMMITTEES, HIGH OFFICERS, AND PERSONS ON MISSIONS
1. The like immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to a diplomatic agent.
2. The like inviolability of residence, official premises, and official archives as is accorded to a diplomatic agent.
3. The like exemption from taxes and rates as is accorded to a diplomatic agent.
_______________________
FOURTH SCHEDULE
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF OTHER OFFICERS AND SERVANTS
1. Immunity from suit and legal process in respect of things done or omitted to be done in the course of the performance of official
duties.
2. Exemption from taxes in respect of emoluments received as an officer or servant of the organisation.
3. Exemption from taxes on the importation of furniture and effects imported at the time of first taking up post in Fiji, that exemption
to be subject to compliance with such conditions as the Minister responsible for finance may determine for the protection of the
revenue.
____________________
FIFTH SCHEDULE
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF OFFICIAL STAFFS AND OF HIGH OFFICERS' FAMILIES
1. Where any person is accorded any such immunities and privileges as are mentioned in the Third Schedule to this Act as the representative
on any organ of the organisation or a member of any committee of the organisation or of an organ thereof, the members of his official
staff accompanying him as such a representative or member shall also be accorded those immunities and privileges to the same extent
as the members of the staff of a mission are accorded the immunities and privileges accorded to a diplomatic agent.
2. Where any person is accorded any such privileges and immunities as are mentioned in the Third Schedule to this Act as an officer
of the organisation, the members of the family of that person who form part of his household shall also be accorded those privileges
and immunities to the same extent as the members of the family of a diplomatic agent who form part of his household are accorded
the privileges and immunities accorded to that diplomatic agent.
________________________
SIXTH SCHEDULE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
(Amended by Notices 10th July 1972, 15th March 1973
and 16th December 1976)
The United Nations.
The International Labour Organization.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
The International Civil Aviation Organization.
The World Health Organization.
The International Telecommunications Union.
The World Meteorological Organization.
The International Atomic Energy Agency.
The Universal Postal Union.
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
The Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization.
The International Monetary Fund.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
The International Refugee Organization.
The International Finance Corporation.
The Asian Development Bank.
The Commonwealth Secretariat.
The International Court of Justice.
The South Pacific Commission.
The United Nations Office of Technical Co-operation.
The United Nations Development Programme.
The International Development Association.
The Commission of the European Communities.
The South Pacific Board for Educational Assessment.
____________________
SEVENTH SCHEDULE
(Section 7(1))
IMMUNITIES AND PRIVILEGES
1. Immunity from suit and legal process in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed in his official capacity.
2. Exemption from taxation on all stipend, emoluments and allowances paid to him by the international organization.
_________________
EIGHTH SCHEDULE
(Section (1))
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF PERSON REFERRED TO
IN SECTION 8 AND HIS FAMILY
(Inserted by 52 of 1971, s.3
and amended by 13 of 1977, s..)
1. Exemption from taxation on all stipends, emoluments and allowances paid to such person in connection with his duties in Fiji.
2. Exemption from taxes on the importation of professional and technical equipment used by such person in connection with his duties
in Fiji and on the importation of furniture and effects, including one motor vehicle, of such person and his family imported within
six months from the time of first taking up post in Fiji, that exemption to be subject to compliance with such conditions as the
Minister responsible for finance may determine for the protection of the revenue.
Controlled by Office of the Prime Minister
CHAPTER 8
DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES
SECTION 6-DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES (INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS) ORDERS
Orders* 10th My 1972, 15th March 1973, 16th December
1976, 23rd February 1979, 18th December 1981
(Made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs)
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 6 of the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act, the Minister for Foreign Affairs has declared the following organisations to be organisations of which two or more states or Governments
thereof are members and that such organisations shall have the privileges and immunities specified in the Second Schedule to that
Act and shall also have the legal capacity of a body corporate:
United Nations Organization
International Labour Organization
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
International Civil Aviation Organization
World Health Organization
International Telecommunications Union
World Meteorological Organization
International Atomic Energy Agency
Universal Postal Union
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
International Monetary Fund
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Refugee Organization
International Finance Corporation
Asian Development Bank
Commonwealth Secretariat
International Court of Justice
South Pacific Commission
United Nations Office of Technical Co-operation
United Nations Development Programme
International Development Association
The Commission of the European Communities
The South Pacific Board for Educational Assessment.
* See Legal Notices Nos. 54 of 1972, 28 of 1973, 182 of 1976, 53 of 1979, 3 of 1982
____________________
SECTION 12- EXEMPTION FROM LEVY
tNotice 21st January 1974
(Made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs)
The Government of the Solomon Islands has been exempted from the levy under the Fiji National Training Levy Order in respect of the
Western Pacific Archives.
Controlled by Office of the Prime Minister
tSee Legal Notice No. 21 of 1974.
-------------------------------------------------
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