STATUS REPORT

KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

[KYOTO PROTOCOL]

(Kyoto, 11/12/1997)

ENTRY INTO FORCE : Not yet

Depositary: Secretary-General of the United Nations

Last updated by PacLII: 02-04-11
Parties Date of Signature Date of ratification
/
Other 		Entry Into Force Domestication Legislation
(where available)
Cook Islands 16 September 1998 27 August 2001 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Fiji 17 September 1998 17 September 1998 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Kiribati   7 September 2000 a 16 Feb 2005  
Marshall Islands 17 March 1998 11 August 2003 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Nauru   16 August 2001 a 16 Feb 2005  
Niue 8 December 1998 6 May 1999 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Palau   10 December 1999 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Papua New Guinea 2 March 1999 28 March 2002 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Samoa 27 November 2000 16 March 1998 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Solomon Islands 29 September 1998 13 March 2003 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Tuvalu 16 November 1998 16 November 1998 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Vanuatu   17 July 2001 a 16 Feb 2005  
 
Antigua and Barbuda 16 March 1998 3 November 1998 Rt    
Argentina 16 March 1998 28 September 2001 Rt    
Armenia   25 April 2003 a    
Australia 29 April 1998      
Austria 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Azerbaijan   28 September 2000 a    
Bahamas   9 April 1999 a    
Bangladesh   22 October 2001 Rt    
Barbados   7 August 2000 a    
Belgium 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Belize   26 September 2003 a    
Benin   25 February 2002 a    
Bhutan   26 August 2002 a    
Bolivia 9 July 1998 30 November 1999 Rt    
Botswana   8 August 2003 a    
Brazil 29 April 1998 23 August 2002 Rt    
Bulgaria 18 September 1998 15 August 2002 Rt    
Burundi   18 October 2001 a    
Cambodia   22 August 2002 a    
Cameroon   28 August 2002 Rt    
Canada 29 April 1998 17 December 2002 Rt    
Chile 17 June 1998 26 August 2002 Rt    
China2 29 May 1998 30 August 2002 AA    
Colombia   30 November 2001 a    
Costa Rica 27 April 1998 9 August 2002 Rt    
Croatia 11 March 1999      
Cuba 15 March 1999 30 April 2002 Rt    
Cyprus   16 July 1999 a    
Czech Republic 23 November 1998 15 November 2001 AA    
Denmark3 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Djibouti   12 March 2002 a    
Dominican Republic   12 February 2002 a    
Ecuador 15 January 1999 13 January 2000 Rt    
Egypt 15 March 1999      
El Salvador 8 June 1998 30 November 1998 Rt    
Equatorial Guinea   16 August 2000 a    
Estonia 3 December 1998 14 October 2002 Rt    
European Community [#] 29 April 1998 31May 2002 AA    
Finland 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
France [#] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 AA    
Gambia   1 June 2001 a    
Georgia   16 June 1999 a    
Germany 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Ghana   30 May 2003 a    
Greece 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Grenada   6 August 2002 a    
Guatemala 10 July 1998 5 October 1999 Rt    
Guinea   7 September 2000 a    
Guyana   5 August 2003 a    
Honduras 25 February 1999 19 July 2000 Rt    
Hungary   21 August 2002 a    
Iceland   23 May 2002 a    
India   26 August 2002 a    
Indonesia 13 July 1998      
Ireland [#] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Israel 16 December 1998 15 March 2004 Rt    
Italy 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Jamaica   28 June 1999 a    
Japan 28 April 1998 4 June 2002 A    
Jordan   17 January 2003 a    
Kazakhstan 12 March 1999      
Kyrgyzstan   13 May 2003 a    
Lao People's Democratic Republic   6 February 2003 a    
Latvia 14 December 1998 5 July 2002    
Lesotho   6 September 2000 a    
Liberia   5 November 2002 a    
Liechtenstein 29 June 1998      
Lithuania 21 September 1998 3 January 2003    
Luxembourg 29 April 1998 31 May 2002    
Madagascar   24 September 2003 a    
Malawi   26 October 2001 a    
Malaysia 12 March 1999 4 September 2002    
Maldives 16 March 1998 30 December 1998    
Mali 27 January 1999 28 March 2002    
Malta 17 April 1998 11 November 2001    
Mauritius   9 May 2001 a    
Mexico 9 June 1998 7 September 2000 Rt    
Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) 17 March 1998 21 June 1999 Rt 16 Feb 2005  
Monaco 29 April 1998      
Mongolia   15 December 1999 a    
Morocco   25 January 2002 a    
Myanmar   13 August 2003 a    
Namibia   4 September 2003 a    
Netherlands4 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 A    
New Zealand5 22 May 1998 19 December 2002 Rt    
Nicaragua 7 July 1998 18 November 1999 Rt    
Niger 23 October 1998      
Norway 29 April 1998 30 May 2002 Rt    
Panama 8 June 1998 5 March 1999 Rt    
Paraquay 25 August 1999 27 August 1999 Rt    
Peru 13 November 1998 12 September 2002 Rt    
Philipines 15 April 1998 20 November 2003 Rt    
Poland 15 July 1998 13 December 2002 Rt    
Portugal 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 AA    
Republic of Korea 25 September 1998 8 November 2002 Rt    
Republic of Moldova   22 April 2003 a    
Romania 5 January 1999 19 March 2001 Rt    
Russian Federation 11 March 1999      
Saint Lucia 16 March 1998 20 August 2003 Rt    
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 19 March 1998      
Senegal   20 July 2001 a    
Seychells 20 March 1998 22 July 2002 Rt    
Signatories: 84 ,Parties: 1211        
Slovakia 26 February 1999 31 May 2002 Rt    
Slovenia 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
South Africa   31 May 2002 Rt    
Spain 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Sri Lanka   3 September 2002 Rt    
Sweden 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
Switzerland 16 March 1998 9 July 2003 Rt    
Thailand 2 February 1999 2 February 1999 Rt    
Trinidad and Tobago 7 January 1999 28 January 1999 Rt    
Tunisia   22 January 2003 a    
Turkmenistan 28 September 1998 11 January 1999 Rt    
Uganda   25 March 2002 a    
Ukraine 15 March 1999      
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Rt    
United Republic of Tanzania   26 August 2002 a    
United States of America 12 November 1998      
Uruguay 5 February 2001 29 July 1998 Rt    
Uzbekistan 20 November 1998 12 October 1999 Rt    
Viet Nam 3 December 1998 25 September 2002 Rt    
Zambia 5 August 1998      
Keys:
  • Accession (a)
  • Acceptance (A)
  • Approval (AA)
  • Definitive Signature (s)
  • Formal confirmation (c)
  • Participation (P)
  • Notification (of provisional application, of special undertaking, etc) (n)
  • Ratification (Rt)
  • Reservation (r)
  • Succession (d)

Declarations and Reservations

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification, accession, acceptance or approval.)


Cook Islands [up]

Upon signature

Declaration

The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that signature and subsequent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law

In this regard, the Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligation in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.


European Community [up]

Upon signature

Declaration

The European Community and its Member States will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance with the provisions of article 4.

Upon approval

Declaration by the European Community made in accordance with article 24 (3) of the Kyoto Protocol

The following States are at present members of the European Community: the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Portuguese Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The European Community declares that, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular article 175 (1) thereof, it is competent to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives

- preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment

- protecting human health

- prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources

- promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or world wide environmental problems

The European Community declares that its quantified emission reduction commitment under the Protocol will be fulfilled through action by the Community and its Member States within the respective competence of each and that it has already adopted legal instruments, binding on its Member States, covering matters governed by the Protocol

The European Community will on a regular basis provide information on relevant Community legal instruments within the framework of the supplementary information incorporated in its national communication submitted under article 12 of the Convention for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with its commitments under the Protocol in accordance with article 7 (2) thereof and the guidelines thereunder.


France [up]

Upon signature

Interpretative declaration

The French Republic reserves the right, in ratifying the [said Protocol], to exclude its Overseas Territories from the scope of the Protocol

Upon approval

The ratification by the French Republic of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 11 December 1997 should be interpreted in the context of the commitment assumed under article 4 of the Protocol by the European Community, from which it is indissociable. The ratification does not, therefore, apply to the Territories of the French Republic to which the Treaty establishing the European Community is not applicable

Nonetheless, in accordance with article 4, paragraph 6, of the Protocol, the French Republic shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, remain individually responsible for its own level of emissions


Ireland [up]

Upon signature

Declaration

The European Community and the Member States, including Ireland, will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance with the provisions of article 4.


Kiribati [up]

Declaration

The Government of the Republic of Kiribati declares its understanding that accession to the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of the climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law.


Nauru [up]

Declarations

... The Government of the Republic of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change

... The Government of the Republic of Nauru further declares that, in the light of the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and impacts, it considers the emissions of reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent the dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

... [The Government of the Republic of Nauru declares] that no provisions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law


Niue [up]

Upon signature

Declaration

The Government of Niue declares its understanding that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provisions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law

In this regard, the Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

Notes

1. In accordance with article 25 (4) of the Protocol, any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that organization

2. In a communication received on 30 August 2002, the Government of the People's Republic of China informed the Secretary-General of the following

In accordance with article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990 and article 138 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1993, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall provisionally not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

Further, in a communication received on 8 April 2003, the Government of the Government of the People's Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following

In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continues to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall not apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise.

3. With a territorial exclusion to the Faroe Islands

4. For the Kingdom in Europe

5. With the following declaration

.....consistent with the constitutional status of Tokelau and taking into account the commitment of the Government of New Zealand to the development of self-government for Tokelau through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this ratification shall not extend to Tokelau unless and until a Declaration to this effect is lodged by the Government of New Zealand with the Depositary on the basis of appropriate consultation with that territory.

© 1998 University of the South Pacific

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