STATUS REPORT

THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY 1976

[CTBT]

(New York, 10 September 1976, 10/09/1976)

ENTRY INTO FORCE : SEE ARTICLE XIV

Depositary: Secretary-General of the United Nations

Last updated by PacLII: 21/06/08
Parties Date of Signature Date of ratification
/
Other
Entry Into Force Domestication Legislation
(where available)
Cook Islands 5 December 1997      
Fiji 24 September 1996   10 October 1996  
Kiribati 7 September 2000   7 September 2000  
Marshall Islands 24 September 1996      
Nauru 8 September 2000   12 November 2001  
Palau 12 August 2003      
Papua New Guinea 25 September 1996      
Samoa 9 October 1996   27 September 2002  
Solomon Islands 3 October 1996      
Vanuatu 24 September 1996 05 September 2005 r   Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Ratification) Act No. 11 of 2005
 
Afghanistan 24 September 2003   24 September 2003  
Albania 27 September 1996   23 April 2003  
Algeria 15 October 1996   11 July 2003  
Andorra 24 September 1996      
Angola 27 September 1996      
Antigua and Barbuda 16 April 1997      
Argentina 24 September 1996   4 December 1998  
Armenia 1 October 1996      
Australia 24 September 1996   9 July 1998  
Austria 24 September 1996   13 March 1998  
Azerbaijan 28 July 1997   2 February 1999  
Bahrain 24 September 1996      
Bangladesh 24 October 1996   8 March 2000  
Belarus 24 September 1996   13 September 2000  
Belgium 24 September 1996   29 June 1999  
Belize 14 November 2001   26 March 2004  
Benin 27 September 1996   6 March 2001  
Bolivia 24 September 1996   4 October 1999  
Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 September 1996      
Botswana 16 September 2002   28 October 2002  
Brazil 24 September 1996   24 July 1998  
Brunei Darussalam 22 January 1997      
Bulgaria 24 September 1996   29 September 1999  
Burkina Faso 27 September 1996   17 April 2002  
Burundi 24 September 1996      
Cambodia 26 September 1996   10 November 2000  
Cameroon 16 November 2001      
Canada 24 September 1996   18 December 1998  
Cape Verde 1 October 1996      
Central African Republic 19 December 2001      
Chad 8 October 1996      
Chile 24 September 1996   12 July 2000  
China [#] 24 September 1996      
Colombia 24 September 1996      
Comoros 12 December 1996      
Congo 11 February 1997      
Costa Rica 24 September 1996   25 September 2001  
Croatia 24 September 1996   2 March 2001  
Cyprus 24 September 1996   18 July 2003  
Czech Republic 12 November 1996   11 September 1997  
Cфte d'Ivoire 25 September 1996   11 March 2003  
Democratic Republic of the Congo 4 October 1996      
Denmark 24 September 1996   21 December 1998  
Djibouti 21 October 1996      
Dominican Republic 3 October 1996      
Ecuador 24 September 1996   12 November 2001  
Egypt 14 October 1996      
El Salvador 24 September 1996   11 September 1998  
Equatorial Guinea 9 October 1996      
Eritrea 11 November 2003   11 November 2003  
Estonia 20 November 1996   13 August 1999  
Ethiopia 25 September 1996      
Finland 24 September 1996   15 January 1999  
France 24 September 1996   6 April 1998  
Gabon 7 October 1996   20 September 2000  
Gambia 9 April 2003      
Georgia 24 September 1996   27 September 2002  
Germany [#] 24 September 1996   20 August 1998  
Ghana 3 October 1996      
Greece 24 September 1996   21 April 1999  
Grenada 10 October 1996   19 August 1998  
Guatemala 20 September 1999      
Guinea 3 October 1996      
Guinea-Bissau 11 April 1997      
Guyana 7 September 2000   7 March 2001  
Haiti 24 September 1996      
Holy See [#] 24 September 1996   18 July 2001  
Honduras 25 September 1996   30 October 2003  
Hungary 25 September 1996   13 July 1999  
Iceland 24 September 1996   26 June 2000  
Indonesia 24 September 1996      
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 24 September 1996      
Ireland 24 September 1996   15 July 1999  
Israel 25 September 1996      
Italy 24 September 1996   1 February 1999  
Jamaica 11 November 1996   13 November 2001  
Japan 24 September 1996   8 July 1997  
Jordan 26 September 1996   25 August 1998  
Kazakhstan 30 September 1996   14 May 2002  
Kenya 14 November 1996   30 November 2000  
Kuwait 24 September 1996   6 May 2003  
Kyrgyzstan 8 October 1996   2 October 2003  
Lao People's Democratic Republic 30 July 1997   5 October 2000  
Latvia 24 September 1996   20 November 2001  
Lesotho 30 September 1996   14 September 1999  
Liberia 1 October 1996      
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 13 November 2001   6 January 2004  
Liechtenstein 27 September 1996      
Lithuania 7 October 1996   7 February 2000  
Luxembourg 24 September 1996   26 May 1999  
Madagascar 9 October 1996      
Malawi 9 October 1996      
Malaysia 23 July 1998      
Maldives 1 October 1997   7 September 2000  
Mali 18 February 1997   4 August 1999  
Malta 24 September 1996   23 July 2001  
Mauritania 24 September 1996   30 April 2003  
Mexico 24 September 1996   5 October 1999  
Micronesia (Federated States of) 24 September 1996   25 July 1997  
Monaco 1 October 1996   18 Decemberember 1998  
Mongolia 1 October 1996   8 August 1997  
Morocco 24 September 1996   17 April 2000  
Mozambique 26 September 1996      
Myanmar 25 November 1996      
Namibia 24 September 1996   29 June 2001  
Nepal        
Netherlands 1 24 September 1996   23 March 1999  
New Zealand 27 September 1996   19 March 1999  
Nicaragua 24 September 1996   5 December 2000  
Niger 3 October 1996   9 September 2002  
Nigeria 8 September 2000   27 September 2001  
Norway 24 September 1996   15 July 1999  
Oman 23 September 1999   13 June 2003  
Panama 24 September 1996   23 March 1999  
Paraguay 25 September 1996   4 October 2001  
Peru 25 September 1996   12 November 1997  
Philippines 24 September 1996   23 February 2001  
Poland 24 September 1996   25 May 1999  
Portugal 24 September 1996   26 June 2000  
Qatar 24 September 1996   3 March 1997  
Republic of Korea 24 September 1996   24 September 1999  
Republic of Moldova 24 September 1997      
Romania 24 September 1996   5 October 1999  
Russian Federation 24 September 1996   30 June 2000  
Saint Kitts and Nevis 23 March 2004      
Saint Lucia 4 October 1996   5 April 2001  
San Marino 7 October 1996   12 March 2002  
Sao Tome and Principe 26 September 1996      
Senegal 26 September 1996   9 June 1999  
Serbia and Montenegro 8 June 2001      
Seychelles 24 September 1996      
Sierra Leone 8 September 2000   17 September 2001  
Singapore 14 January 1999   10 November 2001  
Slovakia 30 September 1996   3 March 1998  
Slovenia 24 September 1996   31 August 1999  
South Africa 24 September 1996   30 March 1999  
Spain 24 September 1996   31 July 1998  
Sri Lanka 24 October 1996      
Suriname 14 January 1997      
Swaziland 24 September 1996      
Sweden 24 September 1996   2 December 1998  
Switzerland 24 September 1996   1 October 1999  
Tajikistan 7 October 1996   10 June 1998  
Thailand 12 November 1996      
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 29 October 1998   14 March 2000  
Togo 2 October 1996      
Tunisia 16 October 1996      
Turkey 24 September 1996   16 February 2000  
Turkmenistan 24 September 1996   20 February 1998  
Uganda 7 November 1996   14 March 2001  
Ukraine 27 September 1996   23 February 2001  
United Arab Emirates 25 September 1996   18 September 2000  
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 24 September 1996   6 April 1998  
United States of America 24 September 1996      
Uruguay 24 September 1996   21 September 2001  
Uzbekistan 3 October 1996   29 May 1997  
Venezuela 3 October 1996   13 May 2002  
Viet Nam 24 September 1996      
Yemen 30 September 1996      
Zambia 3 December 1996      
Zimbabwe 13 October 1999      
Keys:
  • Accession (a)
  • Acceptance (A)
  • Approval (AA)
  • Definitive Signature (s)
  • Formal confirmation (c)
  • Participation (P)
  • Notification (of provisional application, of special undertaking, etc) (n)
  • Ratification (Rt)
  • Reservation (r)
  • Succession (d)

(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification.)


China [up]

Declarations made upon signature

1. China has all along stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons and the realization of a nuclear-weapon-free world. It is in favor of a comprehensive ban on nuclear weapon test explosions in the process towards this objective. China is deeply convinced that the CTBT will facilitate nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation. Therefore, China supports the conclusion, through negotiation, of a fair, reasonable and verifiable treaty with universal adherence and unlimited duration and is ready to take active measures to promote its ratification and entry into force

2. Meanwhile, the Chinese Government solemnly makes the following appeals

(1) Major nuclear weapon states should abandon their policy of nuclear deterrence. States with huge nuclear arsenals should continue to drastically reduce their nuclear stockpiles

(2) All countries that have deployed nuclear weapons on foreign soil should withdraw all of them to their own land. All nuclear weapon states should undertake not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, commit themselves unconditionally to the non-use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states or nuclear weapon-free zones, and conclude, at an early date, international legal instruments to this effect

(3) All nuclear weapon states should pledge their support to proposals for the establishment of nuclear weapon-free zones, respect their status as such and undertake corresponding obligations

(4) No country should develop or deploy space weapon systems or missile defence systems undermining strategic security and stability

(5) An international convention on the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons should be concluded through negotiations

3. The Chinese Government endorses the application of verification measures consistent with the provisions of the CTBT to ensure its faithful implementation and at the same time it firmly opposes the abuse of verification rights by any country, including the use of espionage or human intelligence, to infringe upon the sovereignty of China and impair its legitimate security interests in violation of universally recognized principles of international law

4 . In the present day world where huge nuclear arsenals and nuclear deterrence policy based on the first use of nuclear weapons still exist, the supreme national interests of China demand that it ensure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of its nuclear weapons before the goal of eliminating all nuclear weapons is achieved

5. The Chinese Government and people are ready to continue to work together with governments and peoples of other countries for an early realization of the lofty goal of the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons


Germany [up]

Declaration made upon signature

It is the understanding of the German Government that nothing in this Treaty shall ever be interpreted or applied in such a way as to prejudice or prevent research into and development of controlled thermonuclear fusion and its economic use


Holy See [up]

Declaration upon signature

The Holy See is convinced that in the sphere of nuclear weapons, the banning of tests and of the further development of these weapons, disarmament and non-proliferation are closely linked and must be achieved as quickly as possible under effective international controls

Furthermore, the Holy See understands that these are steps towards a general and total disarmament which the international community as a whole should accomplish without delay.

Declaration upon ratification

The Holy See, in ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996 and signed by the Holy See on 24 September of the same year, wishes to repeat what was said when it added its signature: "The Holy See is convinced that in the sphere of nuclear weapons, the banning of tests and of the further development of these weapons, disarmament and non-proliferation are closely linked and must be achieved as quickly as possible under effective international controls

In conformity with the nature and particular condition of Vatican City State , the Holy See, by this ratification, seeks to advance the genuine promotion of a culture of peace based upon the primacy of law and of respect for human life. At the beginning of the third millennium, the implementation of a system of comprehensive and complete disarmament, capable of fostering a climate of trust, cooperation and respect between all States, represents an indispensable aspect of the concrete realization of a culture of life and peace

In lending moral support to the CTBT through this solemn act of ratification, the Holy See encourages the whole International Community, which is aware of the various challenges standing in the way of nuclear disarmament, to intensify its efforts to ensure the implementation of the said Treaty.

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2

Declarations upon signature

1. The Islamic Republic of Iran considers that the Treaty does not meet nuclear disarmament criteria as originally intended. We had not perceived a CTBT only as non-proliferation instrument. The Treaty must have terminated fully and comprehensive further development of nuclear weapons. However, the Treaty bans explosions, thus limiting such development only in certain aspects, while leaving others avenues wide open. We see no other way for the CTBT to be meaningful, however, unless it is considered as a step towards a phased program for nuclear disarmament with specific time frames through negotiations on a consecutive series of subsequent treaties

2. On National Technical Means, based on the deliberation that took place on the issues in the relevant Ad Hoc Committee of the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva , we interpret the text as according a complementary role to them and reiterate that they should be phased out with further development of the International Monitoring System. National Technical Means should not be interpreted to include information received from espionage and human intelligence

3. The inclusion of Israel in the MESA grouping constitutes a politically-motivated aberration from UN practice and is thus objectionable. We express our strong reservation on the matter and believe that it will impede the implementation of the Treaty, as the confrontation of the States in this regional group would make it tremendously difficult for the Executive Council to form. The Conference of the States Parties would eventually be compelled to find a way to redress this problem.


© 1998 University of the South Pacific

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